演講嘉賓介紹 (一)

  喬治· 羅斯曼(George R. Rossman) 教授 (California Institute of Technology, 加州理工學(xué)院)

  喬治· 羅斯曼(George R. Rossman)是加州理工學(xué)院地質(zhì)和行星科學(xué)部礦物學(xué)教授。他獲得威斯康星州立大學(xué)歐克萊爾分校化學(xué)學(xué)士和數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)士雙學(xué)位以及加州理工學(xué)院化學(xué)博士學(xué)位。

  他的主要研究興趣涉及使用光譜學(xué)來(lái)研究礦物。他的工作涉及礦物中顏色現(xiàn)象的起源問(wèn)題; 物相識(shí)別; 金屬離子在礦物中的特殊作用。他和他的學(xué)生開(kāi)發(fā)分析方法分析礦物中的氫元素的賦存形式，并研究它們?nèi)绾胃淖兊V物的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)。他還對(duì)礦物長(zhǎng)期接觸低劑量天然背景輻射的影響感到興趣。

  羅斯曼教授也是美國(guó)礦物學(xué)會(huì)(MSA)會(huì)士/院士，擔(dān)任美國(guó)寶石學(xué)院(GIA)研究咨詢委員會(huì)成員，洛杉磯縣自然歷史博物館和紐約市美國(guó)自然歷史博物館礦物科學(xué)部的礦物科學(xué)客座研究員，同時(shí)也是南加州礦物學(xué)會(huì)的主席。

  2001年，他獲得美國(guó)礦物學(xué)會(huì)首屆Dana獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢?005年獲得奧地利礦物學(xué)會(huì)弗德里奇-貝克獎(jiǎng)?wù)?Friedrich-Becke Medal)。2004年，他獲得加州理工學(xué)院最負(fù)盛名的教學(xué)榮譽(yù)——理查德·費(fèi)曼教學(xué)卓越獎(jiǎng)(Richard P. Feynman Prize)，該獎(jiǎng)表彰了"實(shí)驗(yàn)室和課堂教學(xué)中的卓越能力、創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新"。碧璽家族中rossmanite這個(gè)礦物就是以他的名字命名的。他在礦物學(xué)和化學(xué)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)擁有360多份出版物。

  George R. Rossman is Professor of Mineralogy in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. He got his B.S. degree in Chemistry and Mathematics from Wisconsin State University, Eau Claire, and his Ph.D. from Caltech in Chemistry.

  His principal research interests deal with the use spectroscopic probes to study minerals. His work addresses problems relating to the origin of color phenomena in minerals; phase identification; and the special role of metal ions in minerals. He and his students develop analytical methods for analysis hydrous components in minerals and examine their role in modifying physical and chemical properties. He is also interested in the long-term effects in minerals from the exposure to background levels of natural radiation.

  In addition to teaching at Caltech, Rossman serves on the Research Advisory Committee for the Gemological Institute of America, is a research associate in mineral sciences at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the Department of Mineral Sciences at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, is a Mineralogical Society of America Fellow, and president of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California.

  He was the recipient of the inaugural Dana Medal, of the Mineralogical Society of America in 2001, and the Friedrich-Becke Medal of the Austrian Mineralogical Society in 2005. In 2004, he was the recipient of Caltech's most prestigious teaching honor, The Richard P. Feynman Prize for Excellence in Teaching, which recognizes "exceptional ability, creativity and innovation in both laboratory and classroom instruction." He was also honored by having a new mineral of the tourmaline family, rossmanite, named after him. He has more than 360 publications in the mineralogical and chemical sciences.